Technical Expertise

• Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) based Sampling Designs
• Data Pre-processing, Exploratory Analysis and Graphical Data Visualization
• Statistical Analysis of Uncensored data sets (estimation, hypotheses testing, outlier,
• Goodness of fit tests, regression and trend evaluations)
• Statistical Analysis of Censored data consisting of Nondetects with Multiple Detection Limits
• Geostatistical (Variogram, Kriging) Data Analysis
• Multi-increment Sampling (MIS/ISM) Designs and Statistical Analysis
• Site Characterization and Background Evaluations
• Extraction of Site-specific Background Data Sets for Large Federal Facilities
• Computation of Exposure Point Concentration Term
• Estimation of Background Level Concentrations
• Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment
• Groundwater and Compliance Monitoring
• Bayesian Statistics
• Monte Carlo Simulations
• Mathematical and Predictive Modeling
• Multivariate Statistical Methods
• Data Mining and Neural Networks
• Web Designing
• Software Development (e.g., Python, C, C++, C#) and Customization for Environmental Applications
• Statistical Programming in SAS, S-Plus, R, MINITAB
• Expert Witness and Statistical Litigation Support

Software Development Experience

ADI-NV scientists are proficient in developing custom statistical programs in R, SAS, S-Plus, Python, C++, C#, and Minitab. ADI-NV scientists have been involved (directly and/or via Lockheed Martin's contracts with EPA) in the development of the EPA software packages ProUCL and Scout.

ProUCL 5.0 (EPA 2013) and ProUCL 4.1 (EPA 2011)

ADI-NV scientists have been involved in the development of ProUCL since 1999. The latest upgrade, ProUCL version 5.0 is a comprehensive software package equipped with statistical methods and graphical tools to address environmental sampling and statistical data analytical needs. All available versions of ProUCL can be downloaded from the EPA website here.

For uncensored and left-censored data sets with NDs, ProUCL 5.0 computes upper confidence limits (UCLs), upper prediction and tolerance limits (UPLs, UTLs), and upper simultaneous limits (USLs) by taking data distribution, data set size and skewness into consideration. The graphical methods include histograms, multiple quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots, and side-by-side box plots. The Dixon and Rosner outlier tests and Goodness-of-Fit (GOF) tests for normal, lognormal, and gamma distributions can be used on data sets with and without nondetects. Single-sample hypothesis tests include: t-test, Sign, Wilcoxon Signed Rank, and proportion tests; and two- sample tests include: t-test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum (WRS) test, Gehan, and Tarone-Ware tests. ProUCL can compute parametric (e.g., normal, gamma, lognormal) and nonparametric (e.g., bootstrap, Chebyshev inequality, and adjusted central limit theorem) statistics including UCLs of mean, upper percentiles, UPLs for future k (≥1) observations, UTLs, and USLs. The Trend Module performs Mann-Kendall and Theil-Sen tests on time-series data sets with missing values and generates trend line graphs displaying OLS and Theil-Sen trend lines. The Sample Sizes module is useful to develop data quality objectives (DQOs) based sampling designs and perform power evaluations. ProUCL 5.0 can process multiple variables simultaneously by a group variable to perform the various tests (e.g., ANOVA, GOF, and trend tests) and compute decision statistics including UCLs, UPLs, UTLs, and USLs. 

Scout 2008 version 1.0 (EPA 2009)

ADI-NV had been involved in the development (via Lockheed Martin's EPA contracts) of the Scout software since 1992. The latest release, Scout 2008 version 1.00.01 (EPA 2009) provides a wide variety of classical and robust methods that are not typically available in other commercial software packages. Scout version 1.00.01 can be downloaded from the following EPA websites:

• http://www.epa.gov/nerlesd1/databases/datahome.htm
• http://www.epa.gov/esd/databases/scout/abstract.htm

A major part of Scout deals with classical, robust, and resistant univariate and multivariate outlier identification, and robust estimation methods including: iterative classical method, iterative influence function (e.g., Biweight, Huber, PROP) based M-estimation method, multivariate trimming (MVT) method, the least median-of-squared residuals (LMS) regression and the minimum covariance determinant (MCD) methods. Some options to select initial choices for iterative estimation of location and scale available in Scout 2008 are: Orthogonalized Kettenring and Gnanadesikan (OKG) method; median, median absolute deviation (MAD); and the MCD method. Scout has classical and robust methods to estimate: the multivariate location and scale, univariate robust intervals, multiple linear regression parameters, principal components (PCs), and discriminant (Fisher, linear, and quadratic) functions (DFs). Scout has inferential methods that can be used on uncensored full data sets and also on left-censored data sets with below detection limit (DL) observations. Scout can be used to: compute interval (two-sided) estimates, perform univariate goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests, and perform single and two-sample hypothesis tests on uncensored data sets and left-censored data sets. The classical and robust methods listed above are supplemented with formal multivariate classical and robust graphical displays, including the quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots of the Mahalanobis distances (MDs), index plots of the MDs, distance-distance (D-D) plots, scatter plots of raw data, PC scores, and DF scores with prediction or tolerance ellipsoids superimposed on the respective scatter plots. Scout 2008 also has GOF test statistics to assess multivariate normality including: multivariate kurtosis, skewness, and correlation coefficient between ordered MDs and scaled beta (or chi-square) distribution quantiles which are displayed on a Q-Q plot of the MDs. The associated critical values of GOF test statistics (obtained via extensive simulation experiments) are also displayed on those graphical displays. Two standalone software packages, ProUCL 4.00.03 and ParallAX, have also been incorporated into Scout 2008. However, the latest ProUCL version 5.0 (EPA 2013) is not available in Scout version 1.0.

Expertise Provided by ADI-NV for Government Projects

A partial list of environmental projects that utilized ADI NV INC's expertise is described here.

ADI-NV scientists have provided their expertise directly and/or via Lockheed Martin's EPA contracts for over 200 CERCLA, RCRA, and unexploded ordnance (UXO) (e.g., FUDS and BRAC) site projects of USEPA and USACE requiring technical assistance to address simple and complex data analytic, site characterization, background evaluations, exposure and risk assessment, and dose-response modeling needs. ADI-NV consultants had reviewed technical documents prepared by USACE for characterization of explosives at federal facilities (FUDS, BRAC) contaminated with explosives and UXOs (Fort Ritchie, Boise Army Barracks, Lowry Bombing Range, Fort Ord, and Jackson Park Housing Complex sites). ADI-NV conducted research and developed software packages (Scout 2008 version 1.00.01 and ProUCL4.1, ProUCL 5.0) to address statistical needs of Chemometrics Research and Development Projects of the Technology Support Center (TSC) and ORD-NERL, USEPA Las Vegas.

Some CERCLA and RCRA site projects worked upon by ADI-NV consultants include: Calwest Metals, Oak Ridge Poplar Creek, Allied Paper, Blackwell Zinc, Western Sands & Gravel, Ashtabula River, Pease Air Force Base, Davis Liquid Waste, Dover Gas Light, Naval Air Station (NAS) Brunswick, Georgetown Groundwater RCRA Facility, Koppers Wood Treatment, Elrama School Superfund Site; Lake Success Business Park, Passaic River Site, Raytheon Superfund Site, McGuire AFB, Letter Kenny Army Depot, Cornell-Dubilier Electronics, Patuxent River NAS, Norwood PCB Site, Navy Ship Parts Control Center, Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Army Materials Testing Laboratory, Occidental Chemicals, Hudson River, Michaud Flats, Onondaga Lake, Navajo Uranium, Scovill Landfill, Lower Duwamish Waterway, Anniston Army Depot, Hanlin-Allied Olin, Former Nansemond Ordnance Depot, Santa Susana Field Laboratory, Tyndall AFB, Marshall Space Flight Center, Old Navy Dump/Manchester Laboratory, Northwestern HI Islands Marine Debris Site, Danang (Vietnam) Air Force Base , Nu-West Industries RCRA Site. Consultants for ADI-NV have developed ISM/MIS based sampling designs for the O’Neill Tank Site and Peck Iron Superfund Site. ADI-NV provided statistical expertise to perform site-wide background evaluations for the constituents of interest identified in soils and groundwater of the various areas of concern of the Former Nansemond Ordnance Depot (FNOD), managed by USACE, Baltimore District.

ADI-NV personnel (directly and/or via Lockheed Martin's EPA contracts) have served on the technical advisory committee (TAC) for UXO statistical projects funded by SERDP. Dr. Anita Singh has been a member of several ITRC teams and was involved in the development of the two ITRC Technical Regulatory Guidance documents including: Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) document (2012) and Groundwater Statistics and Monitoring Compliance Document (2013). At present Dr. Singh is a member of the two ITRC teams:  Geostatistics for Remediation Optimization (GRO) and Risk Assessment ITRC teams.

Environmental and Gaming Publications, Documents, and Presentations

Publications in Refereed Journals

• Singh, Ashok K., Singh, Anita, Gewali, Laxmi P. (2008). Spatial Population Partitioning Using Voronoi Diagrams for Environmental Data Analysis. International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences, Pp. 75-96.
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, John (2002). Robust Estimation of Mean and Variance Using Data Sets with Below Detection Limit Observations. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, Vol. 60, p 69-86. http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/images/robust_estim.pdf
• Schultz, B., Singh, A. K., Singh, A. (2002). Evaluation of the confidence removal goal approach for making remediation decisions at Metcoa Superfund Site. Environmetrics, Vol. 13, 725- 732.
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, John (1997). Robust Intervals for Some Environmental Applications. The Journal of Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, Vol 37, 55-69.
• Singh, Anita (1996). Outliers and Robust Procedures in Some Chemometrics Applications. The Journal of Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, Vol 33, 75-100.
• Singh, Anita and Singh A.K. (1996). Trend Detection in Spatially Correlated Data Sets. International Journal of Mathematical Geology, Vol 28, No. 1, 111-132.
• Singh, Anita and John Nocerino, John (1995). Robust Procedures for Identification of Multiple Outliers. The Handbook on Environmental Chemistry, Vol 2/G, 1995, 229-227. Springer-Verlag Publishing Company, Germany.
• Singh, Anita and J. M. Nocerino, Proceedings Manuscript (1995), Robust Estimation of Mean and Variance Using Environmental Data Sets with Below Detection Limit Observations. Presented at the Conference on Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Computing, June 23-25, 1994. Published in Proceedings edited by H. Niederreiter and P. Shiue, Lecture Notes in Statistics, Vol. 106, Springer, New York, 1995.
• Singh, Anita Singh, A. K. and Flatman, G.T. (1994). Estimation of Background Levels of Contaminants. International Journal of Mathematical Geology, Vol. 26, No. 3, 1994, 361-388.
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, John (1993). Robust QA/QC for Environmental Applications. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Systems Engineering, July, 1993, pp. 370-374.
• Singh, Anita and Singh, A.K. (1993). A Bayesian slippage test for outlying sub-samples. Analytica Chimica Acta, 277 pp. 473-475.
• Singh, Anita (1993). Multivariate decision and detection limits. Analytica Chimica Acta, 277, pp. 205-214.
• Singh, Anita (1993). Omnibus robust procedures for assessment of multivariate normality and detection of multivariate outliers. Multivariate Environmental Statistics, G.P. Patil and C.R. Rao, Editors, North Holland Elsevier Publication, Amsterdam, pp. 445-488.
• Kalargyrou, V., Singh, A.K., and Lucas, A. (2012). Estimating the effect of racino restaurant sales on slot wagering volume. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 24 Issue: 7, pp.1088 - 1099.
• Eunju Suh; Sarah Tanford; Ashok Singh (2012). The indirect gaming contributions of cash and comped casino dining : does providing complimentary meals pay off at the slots?  International journal of hospitality management. Amsterdam: Elsevier, ISSN 0278-4319, ZDB-ID 10742645. Vol. 31.2012, 4, pp. 1303-1310.
• Abarbanel, Brett L.L. ; Lucas, Anthony F.; Singh, A. K. (2011). Estimating the Indirect Effect of Sports Books on Other In-House Gaming Volumes. Paper submitted to the   Journal of    Business Research's Special Issue on Gambling Theory, Research, and Practice.
• Anthony F. Lucas and A. K. Singh (2011). Estimating the Ability of Gamblers to Detect Differences in the Payback Percentages of Reel Slot Machines: A Closer Look at the Slot       Player Experience, UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal (Vol 15, 2011; pp. 17 - 36). 
• Singh, A. K., Dalpatadu, R. and Lucas, A. F. (2011). The Probability Distribution of the Sum  of Several Dice : Slot Applications. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal. Vol.15,  Issue 2, pp. 109-118.
• Timilsena,  Janak, Piechota, Glenn, Tootle Thomas, and Singh, Ashok  (2009). Associations of Interdecadal/Interannual Climate Variability and Long-Term Colorado River Basin Streamflow. Journal of Hydrology. Volume 365, Issues 3-4, 25, pp. 289-301
• Lucas, Anthony; Singh, A. K. (2008). Decreases in a Slot Machine's Coefficient of Variation Lead to Increases in Customer Play Time. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 2008; 49; 122-133.
• A. F. Lucas, A. K. Singh, L. P. Gewali (2007). Simulating the Effect of Pay Table Standard Deviation on Pulls Per Losing Player at the Single-visit Level. UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal, Vol. 11, pp. 41-52.
• Suh, Eunju, Tanford, Sarah, and Singh, Ashok (2013). The Indirect Gaming Contributions of Cash and Comped Casino Dining:  Does Providing Complimentary Meals Pay Off at the Slots? To appear in the International Journal of Hospitality Management.

Peer Reviewed Environmental Issue Papers

• Singh, A., Maichle, R.W. and S. Lee (2006). On the Computation of a 95% Upper Confidence Limit of the Unknown Population Mean Based Upon Data Sets with Below Detection Limit Observations. EPA 2006, EPA/600/R-06/022. U.S. EPA Web site at: http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/images/EPA%20600%20R-06%20022.pdf http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/tsc/software.htm
• Singh, Anita, Singh A.K., Iaci, R. (2002). Computation of the Exposure Point Concentration Term Using a Gamma Distribution. EPA/600/R-02/084. October 2002. http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/images/289cmb02.pdf
• Singh, Anita, Singh A.K., and Engelhardt, M. (1999). Some Practical Aspects of sample Size and Power Computations for Estimating the Mean of Positively Skewed Distributions in Environmental Applications. Office of Research and Development. EPA/006/s-99/006. http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/images/325cmb99rpt.pdf
• Singh Anita, Singh, A.K., and Engelhardt, M. (1997). The Lognormal Distribution in Environmental Applications. Office of Research and Development. EPA/600/S-97/006. http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/images/256cmb04lognorm.pdf
• Singh, Anita, Gerlach, C., Perez, K (1995). Robust Statistical Intervals for Performance Evaluation. A fact sheet prepared for the TSC, EPA. http://www.epa.gov/esd/factsheets/rsipe.pdf

White Papers under Review

• Singh, Anita (2014). Extracting Site-Specific Background Data Set from a Mixture Data Set & Estimating Background Level Constituent Concentrations.
• Singh, Anita (2014). Extracting Site-Specific Background Data Set from a Mixture Data Set & Estimating Background Level Constituent Concentrations.

Peer Reviewed Environmental Guidance Documents

• USEPA (2013). ProUCL Version 5.0.00 User Guide. EPA/600/R-07/041.  http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/tsc/software.htm
• USEPA (2013). ProUCL Version 5.0.00 Technical Guide. EPA/600/R-07/041.  http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/tsc/software.htm
• USEPA (2011). ProUCL Version 4.1 User Guide, Draft. EPA/600/R-07/041.  http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/tsc/software.htm
• USEPA (2011). ProUCL Version 4.1 Technical Guide, Draft. EPA/600/R-07/041.  http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/tsc/software.htm
• USEPA (2010). ProUCL Version 4.00.05 User Guide, Draft. EPA/600/R-07/041, May 2010.  http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/tsc/software.htm
• USEPA (2010). ProUCL Version 4.00.05 Technical Guide, Draft. EPA/600/R-07/041, 2010.  http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/tsc/software.htm
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, John (2008). Quick Overview of Scout 2008, Version 1.00.01. A Statistical Software package for the classical and Robust Analysis of Univariate and Multivariate Data Sets with and without Non-detect Observations. EPA/600/F-08/016/ December 2008. http://www.epa.gov/esd/databases/scout/abstract.htm
• Singh, A., Maichle, R., Armbya, N., and Singh, A.K. (2009). Scout 2008, Version 1.00.01, User Guide. Parts I, II, III, and IV. EPA/600/R-08/038. February, 2009. http://www.epa.gov/esd/databases/scout/abstract.htm
• Singh, Anita (2008). Factsheet, ProUCL 4.0. A Statistical Software Package for environmental Applications for Data Sets With and Without Nondetect Observations. TSC, EPA. http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/images/ProUCL4-Factsheet.pdf http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/software.htm
• Singh, Anita and Singh, A.K (2008). ProUCL Version 4.00.04 Technical Guide. EPA/600/R-07/041.http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/software.htm.
• Singh, Anita, Lee, S., Maichle, R, Singh, A.K., and Armbya, N. (2008) ProUCL Version 4.00.04 User Guide. EPA/600/R-07/038. Website: http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/software.htm.
• Singh, Anita (2004). Factsheet for ProUCL Version 3, Statistical Software. National Exposure Research Lab, EPA, Las Vegas Nevada. http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/images/proucl3.pdf

Technical Documents

• Singh, Anita (2009). Statistical Methods to Address Stakeholders’ Concerns and Statistical Issues Described in Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) for Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) Superfund Site. Prepared for EPA Region 9.
• Singh, Anita, Singh, A.K., and Murphy, D.J. (2009). Statistical Evaluation of Multi-Increment Sampling (MIS) or Increment Sampling (IS) Approach and its Applicability in Addressing Various Project Objectives of Environmental Investigations. Evaluation conducted for the Former Nansemond Ordnance Depot, Virginia. EPA Region 3.
• Singh, Anita, Armbya, N., and Maichle, R. (2009). Statistical Evaluation of Multi-Increment Soil Sampling Approach and its applicability in Addressing Various Project Objectives of Environmental Investigations. Prepared for EPA Region 3.
• Singh, A. and Singh, A.K (2003). Estimation of the Exposure Point Concentration Term (95% UCL) Using Bias-Corrected Accelerated (BCA) Bootstrap Method and Several other methods for Normal, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions. EPA Report prepared for TSC, NERL, Las Vegas.
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, John (2002). A Comparative Study of Robust Estimation Methods. ORD-NERL, EPA Report.
• Singh, Anita, Engelhardt, M., and Singh, A.K. (2001). Summary of Recent Results on SiteStats Evaluation Performed After the August 9-10, 2000, Partnership Meeting Between USACE and EPA NERL Las Vegas. Prepared for EPA TSC.
• Singh, Anita, Engelhardt M., and Singh, A.K. (2000). Evaluation of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Statistical UXO Sampling and Characterization Methodologies. An EPA report prepared for TSC, EPA, Las Vegas.
• Singh, Anita and Singh, A. K. (1996). "Review of the Confidence Removal Goal Approach for Site Cleanup. An internal report prepared for TSC, EPA.
• Singh, Anita, J. M. Nocerino, and Larry Butler (1995), Statistical Intervals for Performance Evaluation Studies of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, May 31, 1995.
• Singh, Anita, F.C. Garner, J.M. Nocerino (1993). Statistical Evaluation of the Laboratory Performance Database (LPD) - Cluster Analysis, R-mode Factor Analysis and Q-Mode Factor Analysis, NERL-ORD, Las Vegas. February, 1993.
• Singh, Anita, F.C. Garner, K. E. Fitzgerald and J. M. Nocerino (1993). Simultaneous Acceptance Regions to Assess the Performance of the Various Laboratories Participating in the Contract Laboratory Program (CLP) of the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Draft Report. NERL-ORD, Las Vegas. June, 1993.

Technical Talks, Course Presentations, Seminars, Webinars and Workshops

• Singh, Anita, Marc Stifelman, and Kyra Lunch (2012). Background Evaluations of Metals and RADs Data Collected Using Multi Incremental Sampling Approach. Presented at 22nd Annual NARPM Training Program.narpm.trainex.org/materials/725/ISM-R10Case%20Study-NARPM-12.pdf
• Singh, Anita, Deana Crumbling, Felicia Barnett (2012). Background Determination and Comparisons Using Actual and Simulated ISM Data. Presented at 22nd Annual NARPM Training Program.narpm.trainex.org/materials/725/6%20ICS%20bkgd.pdf‎
• Singh Anita (2011). ProUCL Basic Training Webinar Part I, March 9, 2011. http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/tsc/software.htm www.clu-in.org/conf/tio/ProUCLBasic_030911/‎
• Singh Anita (2011). ProUCL Advanced Training Webinar Part II, March 16, 2011. http://www.epa.gov/osp/hstl/tsc/software.htm www.clu-in.org/conf/tio/ProUCLAdv_031611/
• Singh Anita (2009). ITRC, Multi-Increment Sampling (MIS) workgroup meeting. Cincinnati, April 22-24.
• Singh Anita (2009). MIS Federal Facility Forum Panelist. Panel Discussion Meeting, January 27, San Diego, CA
• Singh Anita (2008). Presentation at Statistical Experts’ Workshop, sponsored by Regional Sediment Evaluation Team, EPA Region 10 Superfund. October, 7, 2008, Seattle
• Singh, Anita (2007). Statistical ProUCL 4.0 Software Workshop Presentation (Invited). 22nd Annual Regional Risk Assessors Meeting, New York, July 10, 2007.
• Singh, Anita (2007). Statistical Training Presentation. Statistical Methods for Environmental Applications. 22nd Annual Regional Risk Assessors Meeting, New York, July 9, 2007.
• Singh, Anita, and Nocerino, John (2007). Statistical Methods for Environmental Applications using Data Sets with Below Detection Limit Observations. 26th Annual EPA Conferences on Managing Risk and Statistics. June 13, 2007, Cleveland, Ohio.
• Singh, Anita (2005). Training Session (Part I). 95% Upper Confidence Limit of the Unknown Population Mean. Regional Risk Assessors Conference. Kansas City, Missouri. May 4, 2005.
• Singh, Anita (2005). Training Session (Part II). Evaluation of Background Data Set. Regional Risk Assessors Conference. Kansas City, Missouri. May 4, 2005.
• Singh, Anita (2004). EPC Estimation Workgroup Member presentations. Cal EPA, Sacramento, CA, September 27, 2004.
• Singh, Anita (2004). Computation of an Upper Confidence Limit (UCL) of the Unknown Population Mean Using ProUCL Version 3.0. Part I (Peer reviewed course presentation). Download from: www.epa.gov/nerlesd1/tsc/issue.htm
• Singh Anita (2004). Poster Presentation. Estimation of EPC term using Software ProUCL Version 3.0. Environmental Statistics Meeting. Palm Springs, CA.
• Singh, Anita (2004). One day workshop presentation. ProUCL training demonstrating the use of ProUCL to estimate EPC term and Background versus Site Comparison. Regional Risk Assessors Conference. Boston, MA, 2004.
• Singh Anita (2004). Computing 95% Upper Confidence Limit using Software ProUCL Version 3.0. International Society of Risk Assessors. San Diego, CA
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, John (2003). Estimation of the Exposure Point Concentration term Using Gamma Distribution. 22nd Annual EPA conference on managing quality and Environmental Statistics. New Orleans.
• Invited - Singh, Anita (2002). Computation of an Upper Confidence Limit of the Unknown Population mean. Regional Risk Assessors Conference, USEPA, Philadelphia. April 2002.
• Singh Anita and Nocerino, J.M. (2002). A Comparative Study of Robust Estimation Methods. Presented at the Eight International Conference on Chemometrics in Analytical Chemistry (CAC 2002), September 22-25, 2002.
• Singh, Anita (2001). UXO Statistical Sampling Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) UXO Forum Meeting, UXO/ Countermine Forum, New Orleans, LA. April 5, 2001.
• Singh, Anita (2001). UXO Statistical Sampling Technical Advisory Committee Meeting – Discussions, suggestions and recommendations. SERDP and ESTCP symposium, Crystal City, Arlington, VA. December, 2001.
• Singh, Anita (2000). UXO Statistical Sampling Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) Meeting and Discussions, suggestions and recommendations. SERDP and ESTCP symposium, Crystal City, Arlington, VA. November 30, 2000.
• Singh, Anita (2000). Presentation on SiteStats/GridStats deficiencies at the August 9-10, 2001. Partnering meeting between USACE, Huntsville and EPA NERL, Las Vegas. Prepared and presented document summarizing recommendations.
• Singh, Anita (2000). Statistical Methods used in soil screening: Two day course presentation to EPA Scientists, Region III, Philadelphia.
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, J.M. (2000). Outlier Identification and Robust Estimation in Environmental Applications. Presented at the International Conference on Chemometrics and Environmetrics, September 2000, Las Vegas, Nevada.
• Schultz, B. and Singh, A. K, Singh, Anita (2000). Evaluation of the confidence removal goal approach for making remediation decisions at Metcoa Superfund Site, Fourth International Conference on Environmetrics and Chemometrics, September 2000, Las Vegas, Nevada.
• Singh, Anita, J. M. Nocerino, and A.K. Singh (1999), On the Computation of the Upper Confidence Limits of the Mean of a Lognormal Distribution in Environmental Applications, The Joint ASA Meetings, Baltimore, MD, August 8-13, 1999.
• Singh, Anita (1999). Sample Size Determination and Computation of the 95th % UCL of the Mean in Environmental Applications. June 10, 1999. Annual EPA Statistical Meeting, St. Louis.
• Singh, Anita with Singh, A.K. (1999). Some Alternative Statistical procedures for Environmental Data Analysis. June 10, 1999. Annual EPA Statistical Meeting, St. Louis.
• Singh, Anita (1998). Recent Applications of Robust Methods. Invited Discussant (of Peter J. Rousseeuw’s Talk) at the Gordon Research Conference on Statistics in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. June 28-July 3, 1998. Salve Regina University, Newport, Rhode Island.
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, J.M. (1998). Poster Presentation, Robust Methods for Environmental Applications, 1998 Gordon Conference, Statistics in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Newport, RI, June 28 - July 3, 1998.
• Singh, Anita, J. M. Nocerino, and A.K. Singh (1998), On Robust Estimation of Variograms for Spatial Data, Poster Presentation #531 at The First International Conference on the Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Monterey, CA, May 18-21, 1998.
• Singh, Anita (1995), Demonstration of Scout Software, The Annual Meetings of the American Statistical Association, Orlando, FL, August 13-17, 1995.
• Singh Anita and Nocerino, J.M. (1995). Robust Procedures for Environmental Applications, Third International Conference on Environmetrics and Chemometrics, Las Vegas, NV, September 11-13, 1995.
• Singh, Anita and J. M. Nocerino (1995), Robust Intervals for Some Environmental Applications, Third International Conference on Environmetrics and Chemometrics, Las Vegas, NV, September 11-13, 1995.
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, J.M. (1994). Multiple Outliers and Robust Regression. Presented at Fifth International Conference on Statistical Methods for the Environmental Sciences, Burlington, Canada, August 11-15, 1994.
• Singh, Anita and Singh, A.K. (1994). A Method of Detection of Trend in Spatial Data Analysis. Presented at the Fifth International Conference on Statistical Methods for Environmental Sciences, August 12-15, Burlington, Canada.
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, J.M. (1994). Robust Estimation of Mean and Variance using Environmental Data Sets with Below Detection Limit Observations, Presented at the International Conference on Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Computing, UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, June 23-25, 1994.
• Singh, Anita and Nocerino, J.M. (1993). Robust QA/QC for Environmental Applications. Presented at the Ninth International Conference on Systems Engineering, July 1993, Las Vegas.
• Anita Singh (1993). Painless Statistics: Two day course presentation for EPA Scientists, August 24-26, Las Vegas Nevada.
• Singh, Anita and Singh A.K. (1993). Estimation of Background Levels of Contaminants. Presented at Joint Statistical Meeting of American Statistical Association, August, 1993, San Francisco, California.
• Singh, Anita. (1993). Multivariate Detection Limits. Presented at Joint Statistical Meeting of American Statistical Association, Chemostatistics Section, August, 1993, San Francisco, Ca.
• Singh, Anita (1992). Multivariate Outliers. 8th Annual EPA Statistical Conference, March 1992, Philadelphia.
• Singh, Anita (1992). Omnibus Robust Procedures for Assessment of Multivariate Normality and Detection of Multivariate Outliers, The Seventh International Conference on Multivariate Statistics, State College, PA, May 5-9, 1992."
• Singh, Anita (1992). Robust Assessment of Multivariate Normality and Detection of Multivariate Outliers, The Fifth Annual Conference in Chemometrics in Analytical Chemistry, Montreal, Canada, July 14-17, 1992.
• Singh, Anita (1992). Multivariate Decision and Detection Limits, The Fifth Annual Conference in Chemometrics in Analytical Chemistry, Montreal, Canada, July 14-17, 1992.